Soft Computing in Water Engineering

Soft Computing in Water Engineering

Water Footprint Assessment and Sustainability Evaluation of Jalizi Crop Production Systems in the Hyperarid Sistan Region, Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Author
rizabbl.ac.ir
Abstract
This study examines the water footprints of five different jalizi crop production systems (Gandak, Sefidak, Pashmak, watermelon, and melon). A questionnaire survey was conducted on 277 farms. Blue, green, and grey water footprints were calculated based on methodology presented within the Water Footprint Assessment Manual. Simultaneously, physical economic, as well as economic, water productivities were investigated along with correlation analyses with emergy-based sustainability indices. The outcome shows that water footprints varied between 513.6 and 849.2 million cubic meters per ton, with Pashmak accounting for lowest water footprints, showing a percentage variation of 65. Blue water footprints were found to contribute largely (43.8-83.5%) within all five production systems within this hyperdry environment, with only 54 mm being deposited annually through rain, showing irrigation as their absolute dependability, with the grey component contributed through nitrogenous fertilization being in the range of (15.5%–55.5%). Similarly, green water footprints were found to be insignificantly low, being <1.1% as rain was negligible. However, Pashmak was found to be most effective with highest physical (1.95 kg/m³) as well as economic (58,416 Toman/m3) productivities. This might be due to its relatively shorter crop-growing duration of 2.5 months. Also, a strong negative correlation was found between emergy renewability coefficients and water footprint (r= -.955, p <0.011), clearly ascertaining the complementary nature of water footprint studies. Achieving precision through drip technology within this water-stressed crop production, necessitating reduced use of "950–1050" nitrogen within "200–300" kg per ha, as well as appropriate crop improvement, largely emerge as imperative measures.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 16 February 2026